Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also known as TPA or Phorbol myristate acetate, is a phorbol ester. It acts as a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator, and also functions as a NF-κB activator. PMA induces differentiation in THP-1 cells and is known to induce a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically by activating PLA2.
- Dual SphK and protein kinase C activator
- NF-κB activator
- Induces differentiation in THP-1 cells
- IC₅₀ for PKC is 11.7 nM (EC50)
- Inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1